1/24/11
1/16/11
1/7/11
Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral Research in Biotechnology :
Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral Research in Biotechnology : JNU, Delhi; IIT, Delhi; National nstt. of Immunology, Delhi; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Delhi; National Instt, of Immunology, Delhi, Indian Instt. of Science, Bangalore, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi; Bose Instt., Calcutta. Besides these courses, post-graduate teaching programmes are available at the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madras, Pondicherry University; Punjab University, Chandigarh. These three universities receive a one-time grant from the DBT.
Biotechnology requires intense hard work, preservance and challenge for achieving results. A very bright academic profile with scientific bent of mind is required. This is a growing field and hence requires people with the urge to lead innovative research. Interest is human welfare, agriculture, drugs, environment and other areas of work will determine the field range of work for the scientists. Interest in achieving satisfaction through intense academic research rather than material gains is at the core of genuine scientific temper.
Employment Avenues
Biotechnology is ranked second as a growth sector after multimedia industry with a tremendous employment potential. Major contributions in areas such as environment, health, agriculture and pharmaceuticals is envisaged.
Most biotechnologists are employed in research and development, departments of institutions and industries involved in biotechnological work. From the production of antimicrobial agents, reagents and consumables to the marketing of instruments used in biotechnological applications and research the opportunities for biotechnologists are on the increase. Biotechnologists work extensively in the production departments of these industries. Generally Biotechnology students from engineering stream are given preference for production jobs.
Biotechnologists work in industries producing food, chemicals, bio-processed products etc. They are involved in research in genetics, biochemistry and biochemical engineering and all areas where these processes are implied. Industrial R&D covers areas such as chemical processes, increase in productivity, waste and pollution management. Some industries employ biotechnologists in their marketing department to develop business in the sector where their product would be most required. They also help to identify biotechnological development opportunities for the industry in India and abroad.
A steep rise in employment is envisaged in environmental biotechnology. Spending to the tune of $ 600 billion by the turn of the century will open up vast avenues in this sector, as biotechnologists are expected to resolve crisis related to marine life, depletion of the atmosphere etc. In the area of drugs and pharmaceutical there are new ventures both in the government and private sectors coming up to provide for the latest R&D facilities as the sector envisages a global market share of almost Rs35,000 crores. Pharmaceutical industries are offering lucrative pay packets to biotechnologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists and biochemists. Government labs such as CDRI in Lucknow is constantly employing research workers/scientists. The private sector placements are in both technical and managerial positions. The management levels match those of a business firm and the task relates to industrial, production and marketing management. In academics biotechnologists (Doctorates) are working in departments of marine biotech, biomedicine, earth sciences biomedical engineering, agricultural and environmental biotechnology etc.
Industries employing biotechnologists : Hindustan Lever, Thapar group, Indo American Hybrid Seeds, Bincon India Limited, Bivcol, IDPL, Indian Vaccines Corporation, Hindustan Antibiotics, Sun Pharma, Cadila etc.
Laboratories and Institutes employing Biotechnologists : These include the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Botanical Institute, National chemical laboratory, Tata Energy Research Institute, Central Aromatic, Plants Institute, Indian Institute of Science, Agricultural Research Institute, CSIR, National Environment Research Institute-Nagpur, National Institute of Immunology-New Delhi, CDRI- Lucknow, IIT-Mumbai, Delhi.
1/6/11
12/21/10
12/19/10
12/15/10
12/1/10
11/16/10
10/26/10
10/6/10
Telugu Poetry by yerranna
à°µేà°² ఉక్à°•ు నరాà°²ు, à°µందల ఇనుà°ª à°•ంà°¡à°°ాà°²ు
à°‰ంà°¡ాలనే ఆశ ,ఆలోà°šà°¨ à°¨ాà°•ు à°²ేà°¦ుà°•ాà°¨ి.....
à°¨ాà°²్à°—ు దయాà°°à°¸ à°°à°•్à°¤ à°¨ాà°³ాà°²ు,à°’à°•్à°• à°µిà°¶ాà°² à°¹ుదయ à°•ోవల
à°‰ంà°¡ాలనే à°¨ా à°…à°ిà°²ాà°·్,ఆరాà°Ÿం ...!!
à°Žà°°్à°°à°¨్à°¨ ,à°ªాంà°¡ిà°šేà°°ి...
9/21/10
9/19/10
India Pakistan Wars
India Pakistan wars : The first test for the Indian armed forces came shortly after independence with the first Indo-Pakistani conflict (1947-48). The military was called upon to defend the borders of the state of Jammu and Kashmir when tribals--principally Pathans--attacked from the northwest reaches of Kashmir on October 22, 1947. India's 161st Infantry Brigade was deployed and thwarted the advance of the tribal forces. In early November 1947, the 161st counterattacked and successfully broke through the enemy defenses. Despite early successes, the Indian army suffered a setback in December because of logistical problems. The problems enabled the forces of Azad Kashmir (Free Kashmir, as the part of Kashmir under Pakistani control is called) to take the initiative and force the Indian troops to retreat from the border areas. In the spring of 1948, the Indian side mounted another offensive to retake some of the ground that it had lost. No doubt fearing that the war might move into Pakistan proper, regular units of the Pakistani army became more actively involved. As the conflict escalated, the Indian leadership was quick to recognize that the war could not be brought to a close unless Pakistani support for the Azad Kashmir forces could be stopped. Accordingly, on the advice of Governor General Earl Louis Mountbatten (Britain's last viceroy in India in 1947 and governor general of India, 1947-48), the Indian government sought United Nations (UN) mediation of the conflict on December 31, 1947. There was some opposition to this move within the cabinet by those who did not agree with referring the Kashmir dispute to the UN. The UN mediation process brought the war to a close on January 1, 1949. In all, 1,500 soldiers died on each side during the war.
The second Indo-Pakistani conflict (1965) was also fought over Kashmir and started without a formal declaration of war. It is widely accepted that the war began with the infiltration of Pakistani-controlled guerrillas into Indian Kashmir on about August 5, 1965. Skirmishes with Indian forces started as early as August 6 or 7, and the first major engagement between the regular armed forces of the two sides took place on August 14. The next day, Indian forces scored a major victory after a prolonged artillery barrage and captured three important mountain positions in the northern sector. Later in the month, the Pakistanis counterattacked, moving concentrations near Tithwal, Uri, and Punch. Their move, in turn, provoked a powerful Indian thrust into Azad Kashmir. Other Indian forces captured a number of strategic mountain positions and eventually took the key Haji Pir Pass, eight kilometers inside Pakistani territory.
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